abstract：:Monthly injectable contraceptives, containing a combination of a long-acting progestogen and an estrogen, have been used in Latin America and China for many years. While knowledge about the effects of other hormonal contraceptives on cancer risk is relevant, close analogies with monthly injectables cannot be made. The...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Skegg DC

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacology and clinical assessment of existing first generation once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives, mainly Deladroxate and Chinese Injectable No. 1, are reviewed. Although these two types of monthly injectables have been used in some million women in China and Latin America, Deladroxate needs indept...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Sang GW

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical secretion from three groups of asymptomatic women, either being oral contraceptive (OC) non-users or users (ethinylestradiol plus desogestrel or levonorgestrel), was tested for its capacity to prevent Chlamydia trachomatis, serotype I, from forming inclusions in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. The non-user...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Mahmoud EA,Hamad EE,Olsson SE,Mårdh PA

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medically induced abortion using a new regimen of oral mifepristone 600 mg and vaginal misoprostol 800 micrograms (PGE1 analogue) was carried out in 100 women. Abortion occurred in all patients without resort to surgery. In 99 women, the abortion occurred within 4 hours of the administration of the prostaglandin. Sixt...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： el-Refaey H,Templeton A

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report combines the data obtained in three multicenter efficacy studies with a new triphasic oral contraceptive combination containing desogestrel (DSG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE). The studies were conducted at 40 investigational sites in the United States (38 centers) and Canada (2 centers) in support of the FDA...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Darney P

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic and hemostatic effects of two oral contraceptives containing 150 mcg desogestrel and 20 mcg ethinyl-estradiol (EE) (MERCILON) or 30 mcg EE (MARVELON) were compared in order to examine the effect of reducing the EE dose in contraceptive pills. Forty-nine women participated in this randomized study during ...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Basdevant A,Conard J,Pelissier C,Guyene TT,Lapousterle C,Mayer M,Guy-Grand B,Degrelle H

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RU 486 and three of its metabolites (RU 42633-monodemethyl, RU 42848-didemethyl, and RU 42698-hydroxymetabolite) were determined by HPLC in plasma from nine non-pregnant and 36 pregnant women. Each non-pregnant subject took an oral dose of RU 486 (25, 100, 400 and 600 mg consecutively) once per menstrual cycle. Six of...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Shi YE,Ye ZH,He CH,Zhang GQ,Xu JQ,Van Look PF,Fotherby K

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous non-comparative clinical trials of the Dalkon Shield appear to provide ample evidence that the Dalkon Shield was an effective IUD; they seem to yield little evidence that it was a dangerous device, nor markedly different from its contemporaries. Equating the performance of the Dalkon Shield IUD to that of the...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Sivin I

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 10% sample of the data from East China from the two-per-thousand fertility and contraception survey of the Chinese State Family Planning Committee was analysed to study determinants of contraceptive choice in three situations: after first surviving delivery; before first abortion after first surviving delivery; and ...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Gu J,Campbell MJ

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combination oral contraceptive (COC) users have reduced risks of ovarian and endometrial cancer, but COCs have not reduced breast cancer risk. We have previously argued that a hormonal contraceptive with substantially lower doses of sex-steroids should reduce breast cancer risk by decreasing the breast epithelial cell...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Spicer DV,Pike MC,Pike A,Rude R,Shoupe D,Richardson J

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because RU 486 synergizes with anordrin and its dihydroxylated metabolite to terminate established pregnancy in the rat and rabbit, the interactions of these agents were studied at two days postcoitally in the rat. RU 486 at a dose of 4 mg/kg did not prevent pregnancy when the animals were killed 12 days post insemina...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Chang CC,Wang WC,Bardin CW

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The potential use of tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, as an antifertility agent was studied in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Twenty-six cycling females were bred, then treated with a single oral dose of tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) (N = 13) or vehicle (N = 13) on day 4 post-ovulation. Serum progesterone...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Tarantal AF,Hendrickx AG,Matlin SA,Lasley BL,Gu QQ,Thomas CA,Vince PM,Van Look PF

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymeric contraceptive implants (Implanon) containing 3-keto-desogestrel have been prepared aiming at an in vitro initial release rate of 60 micrograms 3-keto-desogestrel/day. These implants are designed to have an intended life-time of 2 years. During a 3-year period, the release of thes...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Geelen JA,van der Wardt JT,Voortman G,Maassen GC,Eenink MJ

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Performance of the Slimline and Standard models of the Gyne T 380 were measured through four years in a comparative study initially involving 996 women, seventy percent of whom were randomized to the Slimline device. Cumulative pregnancy rates of Slimline users were 0.3 +/- 0.2 per 100 both at three and at four years,...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Sivin I,Diaz J,Alvarez F,Brache V,Diaz S,Pavez M,Stern J

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Written guidelines for the preclinical testing of contraceptive steroids have not been revised since 1968 despite the fact that many important changes have been implemented by the FDA's Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products. This paper describes the new preclinical testing requirements and the rationale f...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Jordan A

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A questionnaire study was carried out to investigate the needs of women undergoing a medical abortion induced by mifepristone in combination with either gemeprost pessaries or oral misoprostol. One-hundred-and-eighty women undergoing medical abortion of pregnancy of up to 63 days amenorrhoea were randomised to treatme...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Thong KJ,Dewar MH,Baird DT

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study reported herein is the primary efficacy and safety study conducted to support U.S. registration of an oral contraceptive containing 150 micrograms desogestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol. A large multicenter study enrolled 1,221 women at 50 centers in the United Kingdom. A total of 11,656 cycles of e...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Walling M

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was aimed to evaluate iron metabolism in active and healthy adult women having taken oral contraceptives (OC) long-term. Mean dietary iron intake in age-matched control and experimental groups was adequate. Serum ferritin used as a marker for body iron stores was marginal in both groups underlying a ...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Massé PG,Roberge AG

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene was used by 1933 women for up to 36 cycles in order to evaluate contraceptive efficacy, general tolerance and cycle control. Altogether, 30,763 treatment cycles were recorded. Two pregnancies were seen, both of them classified as user failure. T...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Weber-Diehl F,Unger R,Lachnit U

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A randomised cross-over trial was performed to compare the pharmacodynamic actions of three low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs): Marvelon (150 micrograms desogestrel (DSG)+ 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol (EE)), Mercilon (150 micrograms DSG + 20 micrograms EE) and Microgynon (150 micrograms levonorgestrel (LNG) + 30 mi...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Song S,Chen JK,Yang PJ,He ML,Li LM,Fan BC,Rekers H,Fotherby K

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histopathological and biochemical effects of gossypol acetate (GA) on pituitary-gonadal axis were investigated. 10 and 25 mg GA/kg were administered orally to sexually mature adult male Wistar rats for 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. STH and LTH/PRL cells showed no significant changes as compared to those of controls whi...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Udoh P,Patil DR,Deshpande MK

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partially purified human ovarian follicular fluid peptide (hGF2) was administered during follicular phase in 5 bonnet monkeys. In control as well as hGF2-injected animals, ovulation was synchronized by treatment with FSH, Pergonal and hCG. All the 5 control bonnet monkeys showed plasma estradiol peak followed by incre...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Nandedkar TD,Shahid JK,Kholkute SD,Darpe MB,Moodbidri SB

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary cultures of rat Leydig and Sertoli cells were used to evaluate the direct effects of GTW on testicular cells and to compare these to the effects of gossypol acetate. Both GTW and gossypol acetate can affect the survival of Leydig and Sertoli cells. But Sertoli cells are much more sensitive than Leydig cells, e...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Lan ZJ,Gu ZP,Lu RF,Zhuang LZ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer incidence in countries representative of three patterns of reproductive cancer and age-specific mortality was used to estimate the effect of oral contraceptive use on the lifetime probability of reproductive cancer under three sets of assumptions about the effects of oral contraceptives. Under the set of assump...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Petitti DB,Porterfield D

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The continuation rate at the end of this five-year clinical study was 60% with no accidental pregnancy occurring throughout the five years. The post-removal conception rate in women desiring pregnancy was 92% at the end of two years. The majority of acceptors described the overall experience with the implants as favou...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Singh K,Viegas OA,Fong YF,Ratnam SS

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty-six women using depot-norethisterone enanthate injections for contraception for 2 years or more were compared with a control group of 48 women not using hormonal contraception. No significant difference was found between the study group and controls for Factors VIIc and Antithrombin III. Factor Xc was reduced in...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： McEwan JA,Griffin M

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eleven normally menstruating women, who had earlier been immunized with NII beta-hCG vaccine but had no detectable anti-hCG antibody titres, were selected as controls for the hCG challenge test using 1000/2000 I.U. The test was repeated in five of them after a booster immunization, which raised antibody titres to 18-4...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Shahani SM,Patel KL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study compares NORPLANT subdermal implants acceptors enrolled randomly for two different insertion procedures. One group (420 women) received the implants with the use of a scalpel according to the manufacturer's instructions. The other group (423 women) received the implant without an incision, directly through a...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Díaz J,Rubin J,Faúndes A,Díaz M,Bahamondes L

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A small survey to assess the perception and experience of current family planning users and their husbands was carried out in a university family planning clinic. Women routinely visiting the clinic were asked to complete a short Screening Form. Fifty-six women responded to the questionnaire concerning their attitude ...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Jivasak-Apimas S

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A non-randomized comparative clinical trial of the progestin-only oral contraceptive (POC), Ovrette (75 mcg norgestrel) (Wyeth), versus non-hormonal methods was conducted at two clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The trial was designed to assess the breast-feeding patterns of women choosing progestin-only oral contra...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Moggia AV,Harris GS,Dunson TR,Diaz R,Moggia MS,Ferrer MA,McMullen SL

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mixture of two partially triterpenoid saponins (Tg), isolated from Acacia auriculiformis was tested for sperm immobilizing activity by using in vitro system. The lowest concentration (ED) required for an obvious immobilization of human sperm by using a modified Sander-Cramer test was found to be 0.35 mg/ml in physio...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Pakrashi A,Ray H,Pal BC,Mahato SB

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The contraceptive efficacy of breastfeeding was assessed in 236 healthy urban women who were followed at monthly intervals during the first postpartum year. Proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the influence of time postpartum, menstrual status and breastfeeding pattern upon the risk of pregnancy. Time and...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Díaz S,Aravena R,Cárdenas H,Casado ME,Miranda P,Schiappacasse V,Croxatto HB

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy and acceptability of a levonorgestrel-releasing intravaginal ring (IVR) for contraception was assessed in a British cohort studied as part of a multicentre, multinational clinical trial performed under the auspices of the World Health Organisation. One-hundred-and-fifty women took part in the study in two...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Elder MG,Lawson JP,Elstein M,Nuttall ID

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the condom wall to maintain its integrity throughout sexual intercourse is critical to its role in halting the spread of major sexually transmissible pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus. There are three principal in vitro performance tests applied to condoms: a test for freedom from hol...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Gerofi J,Shelley G,Donovan B

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of 40 mg of milled suspension of a new long-acting androgen ester (20 Aet-1) to restore and maintain accessory gland function was compared with that of testosterone enanthate (TE) in castrated adult rhesus monkeys. Castration did not abolish the ejaculatory response since only two animals did not void seme...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Rajalakshmi M,Ramakrishnan PR,Kaur J,Sharma DN,Pruthi JS

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The changes in haemostasis during oral contraception are related to the ethinylestradiol dose present in the formulation taken by the patient. An open, randomized longitudinal study was performed to evaluate and compare the effects that low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing different doses of ethinylestradiol ...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Melis GB,Fruzzetti F,Nicoletti I,Ricci C,Lammers P,Atsma WJ,Fioretti P

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gossypol, a polyphenolic pigment found in cotton plants, has been implicated as an antifertility agent. This pigment has been shown to alter myriad metabolic pathways. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of gossypol acetic acid on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system in adult fema...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Johansen RL,Misra HP

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of consecutively injecting a one-a-month contraceptive (norethisterone enantate 50 mg with estradiol valerate 5 mg) for one year on haematological parameters was evaluated in 42 Chinese women. The healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (22) or a control group (20). Blood sa...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Meng YX,Jiang HY,Chen AJ,Lu FY,Yang H,Zhang MY,Shen KY,Sun DL,Shao QX,Fotherby K

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparative study of the performance of multi-sizes of the Mahua Ring inserted following measurement of the uterine cavity and one size of the same ring assigned at random was carried out from November 1984 to September 1985 at two hospitals in Tianjin. The experiences of 800 acceptors were analysed by life-table te...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： Juan QL,Zhi LJ,Juan SL,Yi WM,Wu GM

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One-hundred patients undergoing Falope ring or clip laparoscopic tubal ligation were given either a placebo or a 100 mg indomethacin rectal suppository one hour pre-operatively. Treatment was randomised and double-blind. Post-operative analgesic requirements and side effects were monitored. Forty-seven patients receiv...

journal_title：Contraception

authors： MacLennan AH,Rodrigues LV,Krutli DR,Klomp A

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00